On the limb joints horse
General characteristics of the joints
Joint - (artiiculatio s. articulus (diarthosis) is, by origin, a derivative of a continuous connection (synarthrosis); it precedes the appearance of resorption mezenhimatoznogo intermediate "bridge" with the formation of the articular cavity. Joint capsule is organically linked to the periosteum above and rizhe underlying bones and the same as the periosteum, a two-layer (membrana fibrosa, membrana synovialis). In some joints mesenchyme, performing at the early stages of development, the gap between the bones, not fully absorbed and part of it goes to the construction of intra-articular ligaments or cartilage (eg, ligam. teres - in the hip joint (?) interarticular menisci of the knee, etc.).
Strengthen and facilitate the movement of a certain, specific to that joint, directions help: the local amplification of the fibrous layer of joint capsule or adjacent to the joint formation of a connective tissue origin. Fixing on the bones involved in the formation of the joint, these connective bands (beams), fibrous (or elastic) fibers, provide mutual attachment of bones as ligaments (ligamenta). Sometimes I refer to extensive amplification of capsules: volyarny Front carpal joint capsule, ligam. carpi volare; volyarny Front joint capsule third phalanx, ligam. phalangosesamoideum etc.